Are the silicon chips coming to an end?

We know that the development of Electronics made our life more sophisticated. Electronics also made computing easier. Vacuum tubes are used in early days to do computing. This computing system occupied more space than a room. We all know that. Later, the invention of the transistor changed the world and it's computing method. The whole room of vacuum tube system is get reduced into a desk full of system. A huge change in that time. But, now, think it off, we are getting computing system within our hand. Thanks to microprocessor.

Over the years, the size of microprocessor is get reduced. With the reduction in size of the microprocessor chips, it's number of transistors embedded within it, speed, and accuracy increases.

Intel co-founder Mr. Moore proposed a law called Moore's law not a scientific law at all, It is related to a management concept. He proposed that the number of transistors doubles every year while the cost halves. Sounds good know!.

Now, a single microprocessor chip may contain several billions of transistors. So, a transistor size is less than the size of some human viruses, a few nanometers. This count will get doubled every two years, right? There is a trouble with these transistors at nanometer size. This very minute size in transistor leads to quantum tunneling.

Quantum tunneling of electron (mathematical representation)

Quantum tunneling means that at nano level or less, the electron can pass through any boundary. So, at nano level when the transistor at off-state i.e 0, the electrons will tunnel through the transistor and make it to on-state i.e 1. Even a minute change in microprocessor leads to wrong results. Thus, we are at the end of the Moore's law. We are indeed of finding an alternative method.

Quantum computing emerged as the key solution. IBM has constructed the world's first quantum computing using the theories Quantum entanglement and Superposition theorem.

IBM's Quantum cloud.

Thus, in future the Quantum mechanics gonna be rule the world. Apart from this, that there are several computing techniques such as Neuromorphic computing, Optic computing etc. Later, we will discuss these things.