HOW DOES YOUR MOBILE PHONE WORKS??

Cellular phones works as similar as other wireless network works. In case of cellular network, the data is transmitted not to the central hub of the small network of devices (as it is of wifi), or even directly from device to device (as it is of Bluetooth), but through network of transmitter and receivers. Mobile communication is primarily designed for voice communication. In addition to the standard voice function, it provides packet switching to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, camera with video recorder and MMS is for sending and receiving photos and videos. What’s the interesting about mobile phone networks is their cellular design. By that, It means that a mobile phone network is divided into thousands of overlapping geographical areas, i.e cells .Mobile phone is actually a two-way radio , containing both transmitter(low power transmitter) and a receiver. The technology behind a mobile phone is that when you speak on your phone your voice is picked up by your phone’s micro phone, the micro phone turns your voice into digital signal with the help of a MEM’s sensor and digital signal appears in the form of one’s and zeros and Antenna inside your phone receives these digital signal and transmit them in the form of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves transmitted the zeros and ones by altering the wave characteristics of frequency, amplitude or phase.For example , zeros and ones are transmitted as low and high frequencies respectively. So,when you establish a call your friends phone, this electro magnetic waves are transmitted to your friend phone. However, Electromagnetic waves are incapable are travelling long distance because they lose their strength due to the physical factors like some objects like electrical equipments, environmental factors. In fact that even they are no such issues the electromagnetic waves would not carry on forever due to the earth’s curved structure, due to this cell phone towers were introduced using this concept of “CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY”.

In cellular technology , a large geographical area of hexagonal cells are created. Each cells having its own tower and frequency slots, generally these towers are connected through wires or optical fibre cables.And these optical fibre cables are laid under oceans or under ground to provide national or international connectivity. The electromagnetic waves produced by your mobile phone is picked up by cell phone tower in your cell and convert them into high frequency light pulses . These high frequency light pulses are carried away to the base transceiver box located at the base of the tower for further signal processing your voice signal is transmitted (routed) towards the destination tower upon receiving these pulses , the destination radiates it form of electromagnetic signals and your opponent cell phone receives the call by same processing converting it into digital for voice signal.So, the true is that mobile communication is not purely wireless it also include wired medium.However there is a big issue we left,is that how the tower knows in which area you are establishing a call . For this the cell phone tower gets help from the mobile switching center(MSC), Mobile Switching Center is the central part of the cell tower.when you purchase a SIM card , all the subscription information is registered in the specified MSC, and this MSC will be your home MSC and your home MSC can store information like your current location,service plans and if you move outside the range of your home MSC to a new MSC, a foreign MSC communicates with your home MSC, and your home MSC knows where your current mobile location. MSC uses few techniques one way is to update subscribers location after a certain period the mobile crosses a number of towers the location updates can be done. For example, if Watson calls john,i.e Watson dials john’s number the call request arrives watson’s home MSC upon receiving john’s number the request will be send to John’s home MSC, now john’s home MSC checks for his current location MSC, if john is in his home MSC , means call request will be immediately sent to his current cell location and it also checks whether john is engaged with another call or if his mobile is switched off, if everything is possible means john’s phone rings and the call will be connected. However , john is not in his Home MSC ,it simply forward the call request to the foreign MSC that can get all information via home MSC and will establish the call.